Flow Index accurately identifies breaths with low or high inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation

Abstract

Background: Flow Index, a numerical expression of the shape of the inspiratory flow-time waveform recorded during pressure support ventilation, is associated with patient inspiratory effort. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of Flow Index in detecting high or low inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation and to establish cutoff values for the Flow index to identify these conditions. The secondary aim was to compare the performance of Flow index,of breathing pattern parameters and of airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1) in detecting high or low inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation.

Methods: Data from 24 subjects was included in the analysis, accounting for a total of 702 breaths. Breaths with high inspiratory effort were defined by a pressure developed by inspiratory muscles (P_musc) greater than 10 cmH₂O while breaths with low inspiratory effort were defined by a P_musc lower than 5 cmH₂O. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of Flow Index and respiratory rate, tidal volume,respiratory rate over tidal volume and P_0.1 were analyzed and compared to identify breaths with low or high inspiratory effort.

Results: P_musc, P_0.1, Pressure Time Product and Flow Index differed between breaths with high, low and intermediate inspiratory effort, while RR, RR/V_T and V_T/kg of IBW did not differ in a statistically significant way. A Flow index higher than 4.5 identified breaths with high inspiratory effort [AUC 0.89 (CI 95% 0.85-0.93)], a Flow Index lower than 2.6 identified breaths with low inspiratory effort [AUC 0.80 (CI 95% 0.76-0.83)].

Conclusions: Flow Index is accurate in detecting high and low spontaneous inspiratory effort during pressure support ventilation.

Keywords: Artificial respiration; Inspiratory effort; Intensive care units; Patient-ventilator interaction; Positive-pressure respiration.