Assessment of urogenital schistosomiasis among basic school children in selected communities along major rivers in the central region of Ghana

Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Oct 13:40:96. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.96.26708. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: urogenital schistosomiasis affects school-aged children with impacts on health, growth, and cognitive development. Basic schools along active water bodies have a possibility of a high infection among the children.

Methods: we performed a school-based cross-sectional assessment of urogenital schistosomiasis among children in four selected rural communities along major rivers in the central region of Ghana. Three hundred and nine (309) basic school children class 1 to junior high school (JHS) 3 were recruited. Sociodemographic data and information on behavioral influences were collected with a structured written questionnaire. Laboratory examinations were conducted on fresh urine samples. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations with measures of association between variables, adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis were performed on measured variables.

Results: we recorded a 10.4% prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis. Schools in communities along the Kakum river recorded the highest disease burden (65.6%). The odds of infection among pupils who engage in irrigation activities were 4 folds more than those who do not engage in irrigation activities (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95%CI): 4.3 (1.6-12.1), P-value=0.005). Pupils of caregivers who resort to self-medication using local herbal concoctions had 14-fold more odds of infection compared to those who visit the health facility (aOR (95%CI): 14.4 (1.4-143.1), P-value=0.006).

Conclusion: poor health-seeking behaviors and lack of access to health facilities influenced the disease proportion among the children in these endemic communities.

Keywords: Ghana; Schistosoma haematobium; Urogenital schistosomiasis; rivers; school-age children.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Child
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Ghana / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Rivers*
  • Schistosoma haematobium
  • Schistosomiasis haematobia* / epidemiology
  • Schools