Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by using real-time PCR nasopharyngeal swabs in suspected patients and their clinical medication

Muhammad Waqar Mazhar; Ahmad Raza; Tayyaba Shaheen; Muhammad Zubair; Javaria Mahmood; Hira Tahir; Saira Saif; Fatima Mazhar

doi:10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100148

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by using real-time PCR nasopharyngeal swabs in suspected patients and their clinical medication

Sens Int. 2022:3:100148. doi: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100148. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

Authors

Muhammad Waqar Mazhar¹, Ahmad Raza², Tayyaba Shaheen¹, Muhammad Zubair¹, Javaria Mahmood¹, Hira Tahir³, Saira Saif¹, Fatima Mazhar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
² Department of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
³ University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.

Abstract

Background: The corona name derived from their crown like spike proteins attach with cell receptors. It belongs to coronaviradae family and nideovirales order, envelop virus, size range 65-125 nm and positive single standard RNA between 26.4 and 31.7 kb and contain 7096 amino acid. There are four subtypes that have been detected these are alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

Methodology: The 267 covid-19 blood and nasopharyngeal samples were collected from Multan region. RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal samples and run the PCR. The blood samples use for clinical tests, Lactate dehydrogenase, serum ferritin level, D-Dimer, TG, cholesterol, thyphoidot, HDL, lymphocyte count and CRP.

Results: 127 (47.21%) out of 267 patients were covid-19 PCR positive and showed the amplification of ORF1ab, E, and N gene, while 140 individuals were covid-19 PCR negative and not showed the amplification of ORF1ab, E and N gene. The patients with negative Covid-19 PCR, the other analysis tests such as lactate dehydrogenase, HDL, ferritin, ESR, CBP, D-Dimer, Tg, cholesterol, CRP and CT scan. The patients effected covid-19 have higher values of D-Dimer, ESR, Neutrophils, LDH, CRP and ferritin level than normal ranges. However, the values of HDL, cholesterol and lymphocytes were decreased from the normal range.

Keywords: CBP (Complete blood picture); CRP (c reactive protein); Covid-19; ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate); HDL (High density lipid); LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase); SARS-CoV-2; TG (Triglyceride).