TLR activation, immune response and viral protection elicited in cattle by a commercial vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1

Virology. 2022 Jan:566:98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.11.014. Epub 2021 Dec 3.

Abstract

The innate and acquired immune response induced by a commercial inactivated vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) and protection conferred against the virus were analyzed in cattle. Vaccination induced high levels of BoHV-1 antibodies at 30, 60, and 90 days post-vaccination (dpv). IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes were detected at 90 dpv, as well as virus-neutralizing antibodies. An increase of anti-BoHV-1 IgG1 in nasal swabs was detected 6 days post-challenge in vaccinated animals. After viral challenge, lower virus excretion and lower clinical score were observed in vaccinated as compared to unvaccinated animals, as well as BoHV-1-specific proliferation of lymphocytes and production of IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-4. Downregulation of the expression of endosome Toll-like receptors 8-9 was detected after booster vaccination. This is the first thorough study of the immunity generated by a commercial vaccine against BoHV-1 in cattle.

Keywords: Bovine Herpesvirus type 1; Immune response; Inactivated vaccine; Toll-like receptor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptive Immunity / drug effects
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / biosynthesis*
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Cattle
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Endosomes / immunology
  • Endosomes / metabolism
  • Gene Expression
  • Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / immunology*
  • Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / pathogenicity
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines / administration & dosage*
  • Immunity, Innate / drug effects
  • Immunization, Secondary / methods
  • Immunoglobulin G / biosynthesis*
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / genetics
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / immunology
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / prevention & control*
  • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / virology
  • Interferon-gamma / genetics
  • Interferon-gamma / immunology
  • Interleukin-4 / genetics
  • Interleukin-4 / immunology
  • Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Lymphocytes / virology
  • Male
  • Nasal Cavity / immunology
  • Nasal Cavity / virology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 8 / agonists
  • Toll-Like Receptor 8 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 8 / immunology*
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9 / agonists
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9 / immunology*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
  • Vaccination / methods
  • Vaccines, Inactivated

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Toll-Like Receptor 8
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Vaccines, Inactivated
  • Interleukin-4
  • Interferon-gamma