Objective: To explore the main influencing factors of leucopenia in benzene workers. Methods: The data of 514 benzene hazardous enterprises and 97 non benzene hazardous enterprises in 16 municipal districts of Tianjin from January to December 2019 were collected. A total of 16113 benzene exposed workers and 5817 non benzene exposed workers were included in the study. The occupational health examination data of workers during on-the-job were analyzed, and they were divided into white blood cell count reduction group and white blood cell count normal group. Additive interaction was used to evaluate the effects of workers' general situation, occupational history, enterprise information and benzene exposure on leukocyte count reduction. Results: The age and length of service of workers in the white blood cell count reduction group were higher than those in the white blood cell count normal group (Z=-3.411, -4.539, P<0.01) . The detection rate of white blood cell count reduction in women was higher than that in men (χ(2)=211.631, P<0.01) . The detection rate of white blood cell count reduction in workers in enterprises located in urban areas, classified as manufacturing and small and micro enterprises was higher than that in workers in suburbs, non manufacturing and large and medium-sized enterprises (χ(2)=8.039, 4.232, 37.478, P<0.05) . The additive interaction analysis of the influencing factors of white blood cell count reduction showed that there was additive interaction between gender and benzene exposure, the relative excess risk ratio (RERI) , attribution ratio (AP) and interaction index (S) were 3.789 (95%CI: 2.280-5.299) , 0.571 (95%CI: 0.414-0.726) and 3.045 (95%CI: 1.699-5.459) , respectively. Conclusion: The management of benzene operation in the production environment of small and micro manufacturing enterprises in Tianjin should be strengthened, as well as the personal protective articles and occupational health protection measures for female operators, so as to protect the health of operators and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.
目的： 探讨苯作业工人白细胞减少的主要影响因素。 方法： 收集2019年1至12月天津市16个市辖区514家存在苯危害企业和97家存在非苯危害企业资料，共纳入16 113名苯接触工人和5 817名非苯接触工人进行研究。分析工人在岗期间职业健康检查资料，分为白细胞计数减少组和白细胞计数正常组；用相加交互作用分析评估工人一般情况、职业史、企业信息与苯接触情况对白细胞计数减少的影响。 结果： 白细胞计数减少组工人年龄、工龄均高于白细胞计数正常组（Z=-3.411、-4.539，P<0.01），女性白细胞计数减少检出率高于男性（χ(2)=211.631，P<0.01），企业位于市区、行业分类为制造业、企业规模为小微型企业工人白细胞计数减少检出率高于郊区、非制造业、大中型规模企业的工人（χ(2)=8.039、4.232、37.478，P<0.05）。白细胞计数减少影响因素的相加交互作用分析显示，性别与苯接触存在相加交互作用，相对超危险度比（RERI）、归因比（AP）、交互作用指数（S）分别为3.789（95%CI：2.280~5.299）、0.571（95%CI：0.414~0.726）和3.045（95%CI：1.699~5.459）。 结论： 应加强天津市市区小微型制造业企业生产环境中苯作业的管理，加强女性作业工人的个人防护用品和职业卫生防护措施，有针对性地保护作业工人的身体健康，预防职业病。.
Keywords: Benzene; Interaction; Leukopenia; Occupational exposure.