In recent years, the Industry 4.0 paradigm has accelerated the digitalization process of the industry, and it slowly diminishes the line between information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT). Among the advantages, this brings up the convergence issue between IT and OT, especially in the cybersecurity-related topics, including new attack vectors, threats, security imperfections, and much more. This cause raised new topics for methods focused on protecting the industrial infrastructure, including monitoring and detection systems, which should help overcome these new challenges. However, those methods require high quality and a large number of datasets with different conditions to adapt to the specific systems effectively. Unfortunately, revealing field factory setups and infrastructure would be costly and challenging due to the privacy and sensitivity causes. From the lack of data emerges the new topic of industrial testbeds, including sub-real physical laboratory environments, virtual factories, honeynets, honeypots, and other areas, which helps to deliver sufficient datasets for mentioned research and development. This paper summarizes related works in the area of industrial testbeds. Moreover, it describes best practices and lessons learned for assembling physical, simulated, virtual, and hybrid testbeds. Additionally, a comparison of the essential parameters of those testbeds is presented. Finally, the findings and provided information reveal research and development challenges, which must be surpassed.
Keywords: HMI; OT; PLC; SCADA; cybersecurity; industrial control system (ICS); testbed.