Hydrogen Promotes the M1 Macrophage Conversion During the Polarization of Macrophages in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Shenghua Yu; ZhiBao Lv; Zhimei Gao; Jingyi Shi; Qingfeng Sheng; Lulu Zheng; Junmei Zhou; Xueli Wang

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.710382

Hydrogen Promotes the M1 Macrophage Conversion During the Polarization of Macrophages in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Front Pediatr. 2021 Nov 17:9:710382. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.710382. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Shenghua Yu¹, ZhiBao Lv¹, Zhimei Gao², Jingyi Shi³, Qingfeng Sheng¹, Lulu Zheng¹, Junmei Zhou², Xueli Wang⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Center Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: Hydrogen is protective against intestinal injury in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), mainly through to alleviate inflammation response. The M1 macrophages can promote inflammation. We hypothesized that hydrogen would promote the M1 macrophages conversion during the polarization and reduce the inflammatory factors in NEC. Methods: We used M1 and M2 macrophages induced from RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages, models of NEC and macrophages derived from spleens, abdominal lymph nodes and lamina propria in model mice. Cytokines, CD16/32 and CD206 were measured by quantitative PCR, flow cytometry. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were determined by western blot. Histology staining were used to assess the severity of NEC. Results: Macrophages were successfully polarized to M1 or M2 by assessing the expression of inflammatory factors. Pro-inflammatory factors and CD16/32 in M1 macrophages were decreased, and the expression of CD16/32 in lamina propria were inhibited after treatment with hydrogen, but the changes has no effects in other tissues. Hydrogen inhibited the NF-κB p65 in M1 macrophages nucleus and distal ileum of NEC. HE staining showed hydrogen could attenuate the severity of NEC. Conclusion: Hydrogen could attenuate the severity of NEC through promoting M1 macrophages conversion by inhibited the expression of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus.

Keywords: NF-κB; hydrogen molecule; macrophage polarization; mice; necrotizing enterocolitis.