Quantitative Insights Into β-Lactamase Inhibitor's Contribution in the Treatment of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms With β-Lactams

Yanfang Feng; Arend L de Vos; Shakir Khan; Mary St John; Tayyaba Hasan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.756410

Quantitative Insights Into β-Lactamase Inhibitor's Contribution in the Treatment of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms With β-Lactams

Front Microbiol. 2021 Nov 18:12:756410. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756410. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yanfang Feng¹, Arend L de Vos^{1

2}, Shakir Khan^{1

3}, Mary St John^{1

4}, Tayyaba Hasan^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
² Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
³ Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States.
⁴ School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
⁵ Health Sciences and Technology (Harvard-MIT), Cambridge, MA, United States.

Abstract

Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) are associated with high mortality rates. The recent development of β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) has made it possible to control CPO infections safely and effectively with β-lactams (BLs). This study aims to explicate the quantitative relationship between BLI's β-lactamase inhibition and CPO's BL susceptibility restoration, thereby providing the infectious disease society practical scientific grounds for regulating the use of BL/BLI in CPO infection treatment. Methods: A diverse collection of human CPO infection isolates was challenged by three structurally representative BLIs available in the clinic. The resultant β-lactamase inhibition, BL susceptibility restoration, and their correlation were followed quantitatively for each isolate by coupling FIBA (fluorescence identification of β-lactamase activity) and BL antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: The β-lactamase inhibition and BL susceptibility restoration are positively correlated among CPOs under the treatment of BLIs. Both of them are dependent on the target CPO's carbapenemase molecular identity. Of note, without sufficient β-lactamase inhibition, CPO's BL susceptibility restoration is universally low across all tested carbapenemase molecular groups. However, a high degree of β-lactamase inhibition would not necessarily lead to a substantial BL susceptibility restoration in CPO probably due to the existence of non-β-lactamase BL resistance mechanisms. Conclusion: BL/BLI choice and dosing should be guided by quantitative tools that can evaluate the inhibition across the entire β-lactamase background of the CPO upon the BLI administion. Furthermore, rapid molecular diagnostics for BL/BLI resistances, especially those sensitive to β-lactamase independent BL resistance mechanisms, should be exploited to prevent ineffective BL/BLI treatment.

Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship; carbapenem resistance; carbapenemase; β-lactam antibiotics; β-lactamase inhibitor.