High Mass Loading Asymmetric Micro-supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Energy and Power Density

Shijin Zhu; Tianming Li; Vineeth K Bandari; Oliver G Schmidt; Markus Gruschwitz; Christoph Tegenkamp; Michael Sommer; Soumyadip Choudhury

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c16248

High Mass Loading Asymmetric Micro-supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Areal Energy and Power Density

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Dec 15;13(49):58486-58497. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c16248. Epub 2021 Dec 6.

Authors

Shijin Zhu^{1

2}, Tianming Li^{2

3

4}, Vineeth K Bandari^{2

3

4}, Oliver G Schmidt^{2

3

4}, Markus Gruschwitz⁵, Christoph Tegenkamp⁵, Michael Sommer^{1

2}, Soumyadip Choudhury^{1

2

6}

Affiliations

¹ Polymer Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany.
² Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09126, Germany.
³ Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany.
⁴ Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany.
⁵ Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
⁶ Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.

PMID: 34866388
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16248

Abstract

High mass loading asymmetric micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are key components for the development of high-performance energy and power supply systems. Here, a concept for achieving high mass loading electrodes is presented and applied to high mass loading micro-supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy and power density. The positive electrode is made from porous carbon with birnessite coverage and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conducting additives (PIC-CNTs-MnO₂). The negative electrode is prepared from hierarchically porous active carbon mixed with CNTs (PICK-CNTs). Both positive and negative electrode materials are tailored to ensure a high content of macro- and mesopores. MSCs with an optimized mass loading of 13.9 mg·cm^-2 (maximum: 23.6 mg·cm^-2) provide an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 1.13 F·cm^-2 (volumetric capacitance: 22.6 F·cm^-3), an outstanding energy of 627.8 μWh·cm^-2, and a maximum power density of 64 mW·cm^-2. About 85% of the initial capacitance remained after 5000 cycles. Moreover, shunt and tandem device testing confirmed a high uniformity of these MSCs, meeting the requirements of adjustable output currents and voltages in microchips.

Keywords: areal energy density; birnessite; high mass loading; micro-supercapacitors; porous carbons.