In silico development of new PET radiopharmaceuticals from mTOR inhibitors

Abstract

Rapamycin (or sirolimus) is a macrolide that has shown to be useful as an immunosuppressant and that was studied in metabolic, neurological, or genetic disorders. Rapamycin is a specific natural inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) that is a kinase protein playing a pivotal role in cell growth and proliferation by activation of several metabolic processes. This work aimed to evaluate the utility of several compounds obtained from rapamycin and its semi-synthetic analogs everolimus and temsirolimus as possible radiopharmaceuticals oriented to this protein. Density Functional Theory calculations of these molecules were made and further analysis of the dual descriptor, charges populations, and of the electrostatic potential surfaces were performed. Molecular docking simulations were used to evaluate the interactions of the rapamycin with the studied candidates. They allowed us to propose two strategies for the synthesis of novel compounds based on electrophilic reactions. Molecular docking results also helped us to eliminate molecules that did not interact correctly with the target. Finally, we found for the first time, that the novel compounds synthesized through the electrophilic addition reaction that employed ¹⁸F-selectfluor, should maintain the biological activity of original compounds and could be suitable as Positron Emission Tomography radiopharmaceuticals targeting mTOR Complex1 system.

Keywords: Cancer targeted radionuclide therapy; Molecular docking simulations; PET radiopharmaceuticals; mTOR inhibitors.