Citrus greening is one of the world's most serious diseases of citrus that affects all cultivars and causes the systematic death of trees worldwide. The disease is caused mostly by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter species. The wind, rain, and touch of infected workers cannot transmit this infectious disease. The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), a minuscule insect, is one of the main vectors that transmit the disease by feeding on citrus leaves. Citrus greening management is also quite expensive since no successful treatment for the cure has been found, except to remove all affected vegetables from healthy crops to eliminate the bacterial spread. Citrus greening is also the most challenging task, as signs of other citrus diseases and nutritional deficiencies are identical. The major signs of this disease are asymmetrical, blotchy mottling patterns on leaves. Here, several visible indications of citrus greening were addressed, which will enable farmers at the root level to detect and avoid this condition prior to its having a dramatic influence on citrus plantations. We also talked about the pen test method to determine symptoms as symmetrical or asymmetrical throughout the mid-vine, regardless of whether they are impacted by citrus greening or lack of nutrients.
Keywords: Asian citrus psyllid; Blotchy mottle; Candidatus liberibacter; Huanglongbing; Visual symptoms.
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.