Objective: To examine the risk factors of hyponatremia during perioperative period for elderly hip fracture patients. Methods: Clinical data of 1 001 patients with hip fracture over 60 years old who received surgical treatment at Department of Orthopedics,Seventh Medical Center,People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 327 males and 674 females with a median age of 81 years (range: 60 to 104 years).There were 584 cases(58.34%) intertrochanteric fractures and 417 cases(41.65%) femoral neck fractures.Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/L,and patients were divided into admission hyponatremia and postoperative hyponatremia according to the occurrence time of hyponatremia.Postoperative hyponatremia was divided into early postoperative hyponatremia (within 24 hours after surgery) and discharge hyponatremia (within 48 hours before discharge or death).Patients with hyponatremia can be divided into three types according to their condition changes:persistent hyponatremia,transient hyponatremia (hyponatremia on admission,but normal blood sodium after operation),and new postoperative hyponatremia (normal blood sodium on admission,hyponatremia after operation).The incidence rate,occurrence time and type of perioperative hyponatremia in elderly patients with hip fracture were analyzed,and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the related factors of admission and postoperative hyponatremia. Results: Among 1 001 patients,126 patients (12.69%,126/1 001) had hyponatremia on admission,161 patients (16.3%,161/987) had hyponatremia after operation,140 patients (14.6%,140/960) had early postoperative hyponatremia,128 patients (14.0%,128/916) had discharge hyponatremia.Among the 916 patients with complete perioperative blood sodium concentration data,52 patients(5.7%) had persistent hyponatremia,64 patients(7.0%) had transient hyponatremia.Seventy-seven patients(8.4%) had new onset hyponatremia.Univariate analysis showed that age,male,intertrochanteric fracture of femur,white blood cell count,hemoglobin and albumin level were correlated with hyponatremia at admission (all P≤0.05). Hyponatremia at admission,dementia,and general anesthesia were associated with postoperative hyponatremia.Multivariate analysis showed that male(OR=1.788,95%CI:1.196 to 2.674,P=0.005) and white blood cell count(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.041 to 1.195,P=0.002) were independent risk factors for admission hyponatraemia,and albumin level(OR=0.932,95%CI:0.891 to 0.982,P=0.004) were protective factors, admission hyponatremia (OR=6.481,95%CI:4.125 to 10.182,P<0.01) was an independent risk factor for postoperative hyponatremia,while general anesthesia (OR=0.614,95%CI:0.383 to 0.986,P=0.044) was a protective factor. Conclusions: The incidence of hyponatremia in elderly hip fracture patients is high.Male and high level of white blood cell counts are independent risk factors for admission hyponatremia.High level of albumin is a protective factor for admission hyponatremia.Admission hyponatremia is an independent risk factor for postoperative hyponatremia,and general anesthesia is a protective factor for postoperative hyponatremia.
目的： 探讨老年髋部骨折患者围手术期发生低钠血症的相关因素。 方法： 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月在解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科行手术治疗的1 001例60岁及以上老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料。男性327例，女性674例，中位年龄81岁（范围：60~104岁），股骨转子间骨折584例（58.34%），股骨颈骨折417例（41.65%）。低钠血症定义为血清钠离子浓度<135 mmol/L，根据患者低钠血症的发生时间分为入院低钠血症和术后低钠血症，其中术后低钠血症分为术后早期低钠血症（术后24 h内）和出院低钠血症（出院或死亡前48 h内）；根据低钠血症患者的病情变化分为3种类型：持续性低钠血症、一过性低钠血症（入院时出现低钠血症，但术后血钠浓度正常）、术后新发低钠血症（入院时血钠正常，术后出现低钠血症）。统计老年髋部骨折后围手术期低钠血症的发生比例、发生时间和类型，并采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选入院和术后低钠血症发生的相关因素。 结果： 1 001例患者中，入院时低钠血症126例（12.69%，126/1 001），术后低钠血症161例（16.3%，161/987），其中术后早期低钠血症140例（14.6%，140/960），出院时低钠血症128例（14.0%，128/916）。916例围手术期血钠浓度资料完整的患者中，52例（5.7%）患者表现为持续性低钠血症；64例（7.0%）为一过性低钠血症；77例（8.4%）患者为新发低钠血症。单因素分析结果显示，年龄、男性、股骨转子间骨折、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、白蛋白水平与入院时低钠血症相关（P值均<0.05）；入院时低钠血症、痴呆、全身麻醉与术后低钠血症相关（P值均<0.05）。多因素分析结果显示，男性（OR=1.788，95%CI：1.196~2.674，P=0.005）、白细胞计数（OR=1.116，95%CI：1.041~1.195，P=0.002）是入院低钠血症的独立危险因素，白蛋白水平（OR=0.932，95%CI：0.891~0.982，P=0.004）是保护因素；入院时低钠血症（OR=6.481，95%CI：4.125~10.182，P<0.01）是术后低钠血症的独立危险因素，而全身麻醉（OR=0.614，95%CI：0.383~0.986，P=0.044）是保护因素。 结论： 髋部骨折后低钠血症发生比例高，男性和白细胞计数高是入院低钠血症的独立危险因素，高白蛋白是入院低钠血症的保护因素。入院低钠血症是术后低钠血症的独立危险因素，而全身麻醉是术后低钠血症的保护因素。.