Stability and release mechanisms of double emulsions loaded with bioactive compounds; a critical review

Fatemeh Heidari; Seid Mahdi Jafari; Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar; Narjes Malekjani

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2021.102567

Stability and release mechanisms of double emulsions loaded with bioactive compounds; a critical review

Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2022 Jan:299:102567. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102567. Epub 2021 Nov 22.

Authors

Fatemeh Heidari¹, Seid Mahdi Jafari², Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar¹, Narjes Malekjani³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Process Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij Square, Gorgan, Iran.
² Department of Food Process Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij Square, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address: smjafari@gau.ac.ir.
³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

PMID: 34839180
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102567

Abstract

Double emulsions (DEs), known as emulsions of emulsions, are dispersion systems in which the droplets of one dispersed liquid are further dispersed in another liquid, producing double-layered liquid droplets. These systems are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to co-encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds. However, they are sensitive and unstable and their controlled release is challenging. In this study, first, the stability of DEs and their release mechanisms are reviewed. Then, the factors affecting their stability, and the release of bioactive compounds are studied. Finally, modeling of the release in DEs is discussed. This information can be useful to optimize the formulation of DEs in order to utilize them in different industries.

Keywords: Double emulsions; Encapsulation; Modeling; Release; Stability.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Emulsions*

Substances

Emulsions