Modified TiO₂ nanotubes-zeolite composite photocatalyst: Characteristics, microstructure and applicability for degrading triclocarban

Siti Nor Hidayah Arifin; Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed; Adel Ali Al-Gheethi; Lai Chin Wei; G Yashni; Nurina Fitriani; Mu Naushad; Ahmad B Albadarin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278

Modified TiO₂ nanotubes-zeolite composite photocatalyst: Characteristics, microstructure and applicability for degrading triclocarban

Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 3):132278. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278. Epub 2021 Sep 18.

Authors

Siti Nor Hidayah Arifin¹, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed², Adel Ali Al-Gheethi³, Lai Chin Wei⁴, G Yashni⁵, Nurina Fitriani⁶, Mu Naushad⁷, Ahmad B Albadarin⁸

Affiliations

¹ Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
² Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: maya@uthm.edu.my.
³ Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: adel@uthm.edu.my.
⁴ Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), University of Malaya, 3rd Floor, Block A, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ School of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nilai University, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
⁶ Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Jl.Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

PMID: 34826939
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132278

Abstract

The study explored the characteristics and effectiveness of modified TiO₂ nanotubes with zeolite as a composite photocatalyst (MTNZC) for the degradation of triclocarban (TCC) from the aqueous solution. MTNZC samples have been produced via electrochemical anodisation (ECA) followed by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Three independent factors selected include MTNZC size (0.5-1 cm²), pH (3-10), and irradiation time (10-60 min). The observation revealed that the surface of Ti substrate by the 40 V of anodisation and 3 h of calcination was covered with the array ordered, smooth and optimum elongated nanotubes with average tube length was approximately 5.1 μm. EDS analysis proved the presence of Si, Mg, Al, and Na on MTNZC due to the chemical composition present in the zeolite. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanotubes increased from 2.07 to 3.95 nm by increasing anodisation voltage (10, 40, and 60 V) followed by 450 °C of calcination for 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. The optimisation by RSM shows the F-value (36.12), the p-value of all responses were less than 0.0001, and the 95% confidence level of the model by all the responses indicated the model was significant. The R² in the range of 0.9433-0.9906 showed the suitability of the model to represent the actual relationship among the parameters. The photocatalytic degradation rate of TCC from the first and the fifth cycles were 94.2 and 77.4%, indicating the applicability of MTNZC to be used for several cycles.

Keywords: Electrochemical anodisation; Electrophoretic deposition; Photocatalytic degradation; Triclocarban; Zeolite.

MeSH terms

Carbanilides
Catalysis
Nanotubes*
Titanium
Zeolites*

Substances

Carbanilides
Zeolites
titanium dioxide
triclocarban
Titanium