Phase Angle as an Indicator of Baseline Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia in Acute Stroke

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether phase angle is an indicator of malnutrition and sarcopenia in acute-phase stroke patients.

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of stroke patients in a single acute-care hospital. The phase angle was measured within 5 days after admission, and the correlation between nutritional status and sarcopenia index was investigated. The cut-off point that distinguishes malnutrition and sarcopenia was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The effects of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and sarcopenia on the phase angle were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results: A total of 211 stroke patients (140 men) with a median age of 74 (65-83) were included in the analysis. Malnutrition was present in 38 (18.0%) patients, and 65 (30.8%) had sarcopenia. The phase angle significantly correlated with GNRI, grip strength, skeletal muscle musss index, and calf circumference in both men and women. The cut-off points for discriminating malnutrition were 5.05 for men and 3.96 for women, while the cut-off points for discriminating sarcopenia were 5.28 for men and 4.62 for women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the GNRI and sarcopenia were independently related to the phase angle.

Conclusions: Phase angle is a useful indicator for distinguishing malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with acute stroke.

Keywords: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Cerebrovascular disease; Malnutrition; Phase angle; Sarcopenia; Stroke.