Objective: To explore the difference of high-risk factors between early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia, and to further understand high-risk factors of pre-eclampsia. Methods: Clinical data of pre-eclampsia pregnant women in 160 medical institutions in China in 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 8 031 cases of early-onset pre-eclampsia and 12 969 cases of late-onset pre-eclampsia. The proportion of high-risk factors, different body mass index (BMI) and age stratification between early-onset group and late-onset group were compared. Results: (1) Univariate analysis of high-risk factors: the proportions of high-risk factors in early-onset group and late-onset group were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Among them, the proportions of primipara and multiple pregnancy in early-onset group were lower than those in late-onset group, while the proportions of pregnant women with advanced age, irregular antenatal examination, obesity, family history of hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetes, kidney diseases, immune system diseases and assisted reproductive technology were higher than those in late-onset group. (2) Hierarchical analysis of BMI: the proportion of pregnant women with BMI≥24 kg/m2 in early-onset group [48.2% (2 828/5 872) vs 45.5% (4 177/9 181), respectively; P=0.001] and the proportion of pregnant women with BMI ≥28 kg/m2 in early-onset group [19.5% (1 143/5 872) vs 18.0% (1 656/9 181), respectively; P=0.028] were significantly higher than those in late-onset group. (3) Age stratification analysis: the proportion of pregnant women aged 35-39 years in the early-onset group [21.8% (1 748/8 023) vs 17.5% (2 110/12 068), respectively; P<0.01], the proportion of pregnant women 40-44 years old [6.8% (544/8 023) vs 5.4% (648/12 068), respectively; P<0.01], and the proportion of pregnant women ≥45 years old [0.7% (58/8 023) vs 0.5% (57/12 068), respectively; P=0.021] were significantly higher than those in the late-onset group. (4) Multivariate analysis: advanced age (≥35 years old), multiple pregnancy, irregular antenatal examination or transfer from other hospitals, family history of hypertension (including paternal, maternal and parental lines), previous history of pre-eclampsia, kidney diseases, immune system diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome) and assisted reproductive technology pregnancy were the risk factors affecting the severity of pre-eclampsia (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women with high risk factors such as age ≥35 years old, BMI ≥24 kg/m2 before pregnancy, family history of hypertension, history of pre-eclampsia, chronic kidney diseases, immune diseases (mainly including systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome) and assisted reproductive technology are more likely to have early-onset pre-eclampsia.
目的： 探讨早发和晚发子痫前期高危因素的差异，提高对子痫前期高危因素的认识。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年我国160家医疗机构子痫前期孕妇的临床资料，共21 000例，其中早发子痫前期 8 031例（早发组），晚发子痫前期 12 969例（晚发组）。比较早发组与晚发组孕妇各高危因素及不同体质指数（BMI）、年龄分层的占比情况。 结果： （1）高危因素的单因素分析：早发组与晚发组各高危因素的占比分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；其中，早发组的初产妇、多胎妊娠占比均显著低于晚发组，高龄、未规律产前检查、肥胖、高血压家族史、子痫前期史、糖尿病、慢性肾脏疾病、免疫系统疾病、辅助生殖技术受孕的占比均显著高于晚发组。（2）BMI分层分析：早发组BMI≥24 kg/m2孕妇占比［分别为48.2%（2 828/5 872）和45.5%（4 177/9 181），P=0.001］及BMI≥28 kg/m2孕妇占比［分别为19.5%（1 143/5 872）和18.0%（1 656/9 181），P=0.028］均显著高于晚发组。（3）年龄分层分析：早发组35~39岁孕妇占比［分别为21.8%（1 752/8 023）和17.6%（2 118/12 068），P<0.01］、40~44岁孕妇占比［分别为6.8%（545/8 023）和5.4%（649/12 068），P<0.01］、≥45岁孕妇占比［分别为0.7%（58/8 023）和0.5%（57/12 068），P=0.021］均显著高于晚发组。（4）多因素分析：高龄（≥35岁）、多胎妊娠、未规律产前检查或由外院转入、高血压家族史（包括父系、母系及父母两系）、既往子痫前期史、慢性肾脏疾病、免疫系统疾病（系统性红斑狼疮、抗磷脂抗体综合征）以及辅助生殖技术受孕均是影响子痫前期严重程度的风险因素（P均<0.05）。 结论： 有年龄≥35岁、孕前BMI≥24 kg/m2、高血压家族史、既往子痫前期病史、慢性肾脏疾病、免疫系统疾病（主要包括系统性红斑狼疮及抗磷脂抗体综合征）、辅助生殖技术受孕这些高危因素的孕产妇更易发生早发子痫前期。.