Inactivation by hydrogen peroxide and pH manipulation are two novel methods used recently in experimental vaccines against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia. Here we describe in detail inactivation using novel methods as well as the classical method of inactivation. These vaccines showed similar moderate efficacy when compared to the conventional formaldehyde vaccine. In addition, we describe the inclusion of adjuvants in a hydrogen peroxide vaccine.
Keywords: Aluminum hydroxide; Bacterial inactivation; Hydrogen peroxide; Streptococcosis; Vaccination.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.