MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe3O4/water) using galerkin finite element analysis

Wael Al-Kouz; Abderrahmane Aissa; Aimad Koulali; Wasim Jamshed; Hazim Moria; Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar; Abed Mourad; Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty; M Motawi Khashan; I S Yahia

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02047-y

MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe₃O₄/water) using galerkin finite element analysis

Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 22;11(1):22635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02047-y.

Authors

Wael Al-Kouz¹, Abderrahmane Aissa², Aimad Koulali², Wasim Jamshed³, Hazim Moria⁴, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar⁵, Abed Mourad², Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty^{6

7}, M Motawi Khashan⁸, I S Yahia^{9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering Department, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, 11180, Jordan. Wael.alkouz@gju.edu.jo.
² Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), Université Mustapha Stambouli de Mascara, Mascara, Algeria.
³ Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah City, 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawaser, 11991, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 344, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Biomedical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

MHD nanoliquid convective flow in an odd-shaped cavity filled with a multi-walled carbon nanotube-iron (II, III) oxide (MWCNT-Fe₃O₄) hybrid nanofluid is reported. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the cavity are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of Th and Tc, respectively. The governing equations obtained with the Boussinesq approximation are solved using Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Impact of Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction (ϕ), and Heated-wall length effect are presented. Outputs are illustrated in forms of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number. The impact of multiple parameters namely Rayleigh number, Darcy number, on entropy generation rate was analyzed and discussed in post-processing under laminar and turbulent flow regimes.