Validity and reliability of the loco-check questionnaire after cross-cultural adaptation for Indonesia

Abstract

Background: A large number of the elderly in Indonesia are affected by an increasing number of disabilities, with reduced mobility being one of the causes. Locomotive syndrome may cause decreased mobility, and its progression can impair the activities of daily living. Early screening is essential to halt its progression. The loco-check, a screening tool for locomotive syndrome, is available in English. A cross-cultural adaptation of this tool for an Indonesian version is important to maintain the validity of the questionnaire for its implementation in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to obtain a valid Indonesian version of the loco-check questionnaire that has been adapted as per Indonesian language and cultural conventions (through a cross-cultural adaptation process).

Methods: The subjects in the study were community-dwelling geriatrics over 65 years of age who were recruited using consecutive non-probability judgment sampling according to the inclusion criteria. This study, conducted from February to October 2019, was divided into two stages consisting of: (1) language and cultural adaptation; (2) validity and reliability testing. The seven items on the loco-check were translated using forward-backward translation. The final questionnaire was generated through an expert panel discussion. The validity and reliability were evaluated using concurrent validity and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS Version 23.0.

Results: In the first stage, the first and second trials showed a strong correlation between the English and Indonesian versions of the questionnaire with r = 0.997 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.825 (p = 0.003), respectively. The final Indonesian version of the loco-check had a good validity and reliability with r = 0.981 (p < 0.001) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.768, respectively.

Conclusion: The Indonesian cross-cultural adaptation of the loco-check questionnaire is a valid and reliable general questionnaire that could enable screening for locomotive syndrome in Indonesia.