Conventional breeding techniques and genetic modifications have made it possible to alter the composition of vegetable oils. In recent years, the field of lipidomics has rapidly evolved due to technological developments in mass spectrometry. "Macrolipidomics" is an approach dedicated to detailed characterization of the most abundant lipids of a sample and has the potential to be useful for the profiling of commercial seed oils. Seed oils are composed largely of triacylglycerols (TAG) with various fatty acyls that can result in a number of isobaric and isomeric TAG species in each sample. Comprehensive methods for fatty acyl TAG characterization are still scarce. In this chapter, we describe the steps required to process and analyze different sunflower oils with altered oleic acid content to generate quantitative data for discrete fatty acyl species of TAG molecules. We utilized a dual ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) serial coupling setup and untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to quantitate 23 common TAG species in three sunflower oils containing 40% (low), 60% (mid), and 85% (high) oleic acid by weight.
Keywords: Chromatography; Fatty acid; Lipidomics; Macrolipidomics; Mass spectrometry; Plant oil analysis; Triacylglycerol.
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