A binational survey of smartphone activated volunteer responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Availability, interventions, and post-traumatic stress

Brian Haskins; Ziad Nehme; Bridget Dicker; Mark H Wilson; Michael Ray; Stephen Bernard; Peter Cameron; Karen Smith

doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.030

A binational survey of smartphone activated volunteer responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Availability, interventions, and post-traumatic stress

Resuscitation. 2021 Dec:169:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.030. Epub 2021 Oct 25.

Authors

Brian Haskins¹, Ziad Nehme², Bridget Dicker³, Mark H Wilson⁴, Michael Ray⁵, Stephen Bernard⁶, Peter Cameron⁷, Karen Smith⁸

Affiliations

¹ NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Pre-hospital Emergency Care Australia and NZ (PEC-ANZ), Monash University, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Brian.Haskins@Monash.edu.
² Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia.
³ St John, Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴ Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
⁵ Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁶ Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia; The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
⁷ NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Pre-hospital Emergency Care Australia and NZ (PEC-ANZ), Monash University, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
⁸ NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Pre-hospital Emergency Care Australia and NZ (PEC-ANZ), Monash University, St Kilda, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia.

PMID: 34710547
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.030

Abstract

Background: Responder smartphone apps use global positioning data to enable emergency medical services to alert volunteer responders of nearby potential out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA).

Aim: To assess volunteer availability, interventions provided and frequency of probable post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced by responders receiving a smartphone alert.

Methods: A web-based survey was emailed to alerted responders at week-two post-alert and a PTSD screening survey at week-six, in Victoria, Australia (1/08/2019-8/11/2020), and in New Zealand (18/02/2020-28/10/2020).

Results: We received 1,985 responses to the week-two survey and 1,443 responses to the week-six survey. Of the 1,985 responders, 1,744 (87.9%) had completed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in the last twelve months, and 1,514 (76.3%) had performed CPR at least once. The alert was seen by 1,501 (75.6%) responders, 749 (37.7%) accepted the alert, 538 (27.1%) arrived on scene, and 283 (14.3%) provided care to the patient. In the multivariable analysis, CPR training within twelve months was associated with increased odds of responders accepting alerts (AOR 1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.96; p=0.040). Responders who had performed CPR before, were more than twice as likely to provide patient care compared to responders who had not (AOR 2.54, 95%CI: 1.56-4.12; p<0.001). One responder screened positive for probable PTSD.

Conclusion: Acceptance rates in Australia and New Zealand were consistent with other smartphone apps. Responder recruitment should be targeted at those with medical backgrounds who have prior CPR experience, as they are more likely to provide care. The very low risk of PTSD is reassuring information when recruiting volunteers.

Keywords: GoodSAM app; Layperson responder; Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA); PTSD; Smartphone responder app.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation*
Emergency Medical Services*
Humans
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* / therapy
Smartphone
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / epidemiology
Victoria
Volunteers