1 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan. gashibe@kcho.jp.
2 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1, Jonan-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 317-0077, Japan.
3 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nishichita General Hospital, 3-1-1, Nakanoike, Tokai, Aichi, 477-8522, Japan.
4 Division of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.