Tuberculosis in Poland in 2019

Abstract

Aim of the study: To evaluate the main features of epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in 2019 in Poland and to compare with the situation in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.

Material and methods: Analysis of case-based data on TB patients from National TB Register, data on anti-TB drug susceptibility in cases notified in 2019, data from Central Statistical Office on deaths from tuberculosis in 2018, data from National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene on HIV-positive subjects for whom TB was an AIDS-defining disease, data from the report "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2021 - 2019 data".

Results: In 2019, 5321 TB cases were reported in Poland. The incidence rate was 13.9 cases per 100,000 with large variability between voivodeships from 8.0 to 20.0 per 100,000. The number of all pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 5075 i.e. 13.2 per 100,000. Pulmonary cases represented 95.4% of all TB cases. In 2019, 246 extrapulmonary TB cases were notified (4.6% of all TB cases). Pulmonary tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed in 3926 cases (77.4% of all pulmonary TB cases, the incidence rate 10.2 per 100,000). The number of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases was 2565 i.e. 6.7 per 100,000 ( 48.2% of all pulmonary TB cases). In 2019, there were 41 cases (18 of foreign origin) with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) representing 1.1% of cases with known drug sensitivity. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were growing along with the age group from 1.4 per 100,000 among children (0-14 years) to 23.9 per 100,000 among subjects in the age group 45-64 years, the incidence rate in the age group ≥65 years was 19.8 per 100,000. There were 81 cases in children up to 14 years of age (1.5% of the total) and 48 cases in adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age - rates 1.4 and 2.6 per 100,000 respectively. In 2019, there were 3897 cases of tuberculosis in men and 1424 in women. The TB incidence in men - 21.0 per 100,000 was 2.9 times higher than among women - 7.2. The biggest difference in the TB incidence between the two sex groups occurred in persons aged 50-54 years - 40.2 vs. 8.1 and in age group 55 to 59 years - 45.1 vs. 9.0. In 2019, there were 121 patients of foreign origin among all cases of tuberculosis in Poland (2.3%). In 2018, TB was the cause of death for 519 people (mortality rate - 1.4 per 100,000).

Conclusions: TB incidence in Poland in 2019 was lower than in the previous year. Differences in incidence between voivodships persist. The percentage of TB cases with bacteriological confirmation exceeded 75%, more than in EU/EEA countries (67.1%). In Poland, MDR-TB is less common than the average in the EU/EEA countries. In Poland, the highest incidence rates are found in older age groups. The percentage of children up to 14 years of age among all TB patients was 1.5%, lower than the average in EU/EEA countries (3.9%). The incidence of tuberculosis in men is nearly three times as high as in women. The impact of migration on the characteristics of tuberculosis in Poland is not substantial. The percentage of foreign-born persons among TB patients is low.

Keywords: MDR-TB; TB confirmed by culture; TB incidence; tuberculosis (TB).