Contrasting plant responses to multivariate environmental variations among species with divergent elevation shifts

Bo Zhang; Jinchi Zhang; Alan Hastings; Zhiyuan Fu; Yingdan Yuan; Lu Zhai

doi:10.1002/eap.2488

Contrasting plant responses to multivariate environmental variations among species with divergent elevation shifts

Ecol Appl. 2022 Jan;32(1):e02488. doi: 10.1002/eap.2488. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

Authors

Bo Zhang^{1

2}, Jinchi Zhang³, Alan Hastings^{4

5}, Zhiyuan Fu³, Yingdan Yuan^{3

6}, Lu Zhai¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA.
² Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA.
³ Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
⁴ Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
⁵ Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA.
⁶ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, No. 88, Daxue South Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China.

Abstract

The general predictions of climate impacts on species shifts (e.g., upward shift) cannot directly inform local species conservation, because local-scale studies find divergent patterns instead of a general one. For example, our previous study found three shift patterns with elevation (strong down-, moderate down-, and up-slope shifts) in temperate mountain forests. The divergent shifts are hypothesized to arise from both multivariate environmental variations with elevation and corresponding species-specific responses. To test this hypothesis, we sampled soils and leaves to measure elevation variations in soil conditions and determined plant responses using discriminations against heavier isotopes, carbon (¹³ C) and nitrogen (¹⁵ N). Functional traits of the species studied were also extracted from a public trait dataset. We found that: (1) With low soil water contents at low elevations, only the leaves of up-shifters had lower ¹³ C discriminations at low vs. high elevations; (2) With low soil P contents at high elevations, only the leaves of moderate down-shifters had higher ¹⁵ N discriminations at high vs. low elevations; (3) The leaves of strong down-shifters did not show significant elevation patterns of the discriminations; (4) The contrasting responses among the three types of shifters agree with their functional dissimilarity, suggested by their separate locations in a multitrait space. Taken together, the divergent shifts are associated with the elevation variations in environmental conditions and contrasting plant responses. The contrasting responses could result from the functional dissimilarity among species. Therefore, a detailed understanding of both local environmental variations and species-specific responses can facilitate accurate predictions of species shifts to inform local species conservation.

Keywords: climate change; functional trait; land-use change; nutrient; species shift; stable isotope; water.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Climate
Ecosystem
Forests
Plant Leaves
Plants*
Soil*

Substances

Soil