Association between nitric oxide synthase T-786C genetic polymorphism and chronic kidney disease: Meta-analysis incorporating trial sequential analysis

PLoS One. 2021 Oct 18;16(10):e0258789. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258789. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Background: Several meta-analyses of the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T-786C gene polymorphism and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been published. However, the results of these studies were inconsistent, and it is undetermined whether sample sizes are sufficient to reach a definite conclusion.

Objective: To elucidate the relationship between T-786C and CKD by combining previous studies with our case-control sample and incorporate trial sequential analysis (TSA) to verify whether the sample size is adequate to draw a definite conclusion.

Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles on eNOS T-786C and CKD before February 28, 2021. TSA was also incorporated to ascertain a conclusion. A total of 558 hemodialysis cases in the case-control study was recruited from nine dialysis centers in the northern area of Taiwan in 2020. Additionally, 640 healthy subjects of the control group, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were selected from participants of the annual elderly health examination program at the Tri-Service General Hospital. The functional analysis was based on eQTL data from GTExPortal.

Results: After screening with eligibility criteria, 15 papers were included and eventually combined in a meta-analysis. The result of the TSA showed that the sample size for Caucasians was adequate to ascertain the correlation between eNOS T-786C and CKD but was insufficient for Asians. Therefore, we added our case-control samples (n = 1198), though not associated with CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-1.46), into a meta-analysis, which supported that eNOS T-786C was significantly associated with CKD in Asians (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04-1.85) by using an adequate cumulative sample size (n = 4572) analyzed by TSA. Data of eQTL from GTEx showed that T-786C with the C minor allele exhibited relatively lower eNOS mRNA expression in whole blood, indicating the hazardous role of eNOS T-786C in CKD.

Conclusions: eNOS T-786C genetic polymorphism was of conclusive significance in the association with CKD among Asians in our meta-analysis. Our case-control samples play a decisive role in changing conclusions from indefinite to definite.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Asian People / genetics
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate
  • Humans
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / genetics*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • Renal Dialysis
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / genetics*
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / therapy

Substances

  • NOS3 protein, human
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST107-2314-B016-052-MY3, MOST110-2314-B016-006), National Defense Medical Center (MND-MAB-110-105), Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital (TYAFGH-D-110032, TYAFGH-A-110023) and Zuoying Branch Of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital(KAFGH-ZY-E-110037). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.