Strategies of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for coastal zone environmental pollutant determination

Yixiao Wang; Jinhua Li; Dani Sun; Shixuan Yang; Huitao Liu; Lingxin Chen

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462615

Strategies of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for coastal zone environmental pollutant determination

J Chromatogr A. 2021 Nov 22:1658:462615. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462615. Epub 2021 Oct 8.

Authors

Yixiao Wang¹, Jinhua Li², Dani Sun³, Shixuan Yang⁴, Huitao Liu⁵, Lingxin Chen⁶

Affiliations

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
² CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: jhli@yic.ac.cn.
³ CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
⁴ CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
⁵ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
⁶ CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.

PMID: 34656846
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462615

Abstract

Coastal zone means the interface of land and sea, and therefore, environmental pollutants steaming from land-based activities (like manufactories) and sea-based activities (like shipping) are all existing in coastal zone. These pollutants usually have characteristics of low residues, complicated matrices, easy accumulation and so on, causing difficulty to detect coastal pollutants quickly and sensitively. It is imperative to perform effective sample preparation prior to instrumental analysis. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has attracted significant research interest for sample preparation, owing to its high enrichment ability, low reagent/sample consumption, and wide analyte/matrix applicability, as well as robustness, simplicity, rapidity and inexpensiveness. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent advancements of DLLME technology and its analytical parameters including enrichment principles, extraction modes, and practical application; the emphasis is on novel mode-construction and representative coastal-environmental pollutants extraction. Construction strategies are highlighted by classifying DLLME into five major modes, according to extractant's types, including normal ones, low density solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and others. The coupling of DLLME with other extraction techniques like solid-phase extraction is also briefly introduced. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy and its rationality are also elaborated. In addition, some typical applications of the different DLLME modes for the determination of organic compounds and heavy metals in coastal water, sediment, soil, and biota are summarized. The increasingly concerned green aspects and instrumentation of DLLME are presented, and finally, the challenges and perspectives of the DLLME for environmental analysis are proposed.

Keywords: Coastal zone; Construction strategy; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Environmental pollutant; Sample preparation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Environmental Pollutants*
Ionic Liquids*
Liquid Phase Microextraction*
Solid Phase Extraction
Solvents

Substances

Environmental Pollutants
Ionic Liquids
Solvents