A concept analysis of psychological safety: Further understanding for application to health care

Nurs Open. 2022 Jan;9(1):467-489. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1086. Epub 2021 Oct 15.

Abstract

Aim: To clarify the concept of psychological safety in a healthcare context and to provide the first theoretical framework for improving interpersonal relationships in the workplace to better patient care.

Design: A Rodgers' concept analysis.

Methods: The concept analysis was conducted using a systematic search strategy on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Ichushi-Web.

Results: An analysis of 88 articles studying psychological safety in health care identified five attributes: perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks, strong interpersonal relationships, group-level phenomenon, safe work environment for taking interpersonal risks and non-punitive culture. The antecedents included structure/system factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. The four consequences included performance outcomes, organizational culture outcomes, and psychological and behavioural outcomes.

Keywords: concept analysis; health care; interpersonal risk; learning behaviour; patient safety; psychological safety; reporting error; speaking up.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Delivery of Health Care*
  • Health Facilities
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations
  • Organizational Culture*
  • Workplace