Nurses' views and practices on parental mental illness: An integrative review

Abstract

When a parent has a mental health problem, family members can be affected by it. Nursing professionals can provide care for the whole family, including children. Nurses can support the parental role of parents with mental illness. This integrative review aimed at the following: To identify and to synthesize the views and practices of nurses on parental mental illness (PMI). An integrative review methodology was employed, following PRISMA guidelines. Theoretical and empirical literature was included. Twenty-three articles were obtained to be analysed, using the Whittemore and Knafl approach. A lack of knowledge about nurses' views and practices on PMI was found. Especially, in some demographic areas such as Mediterranean countries and Central and South America. Different issues which influence how nurses perceive PMI were identified: subjective meaning of family concept, personal experience of being parent, and perceptions of mental illness, among others. The main findings on nurses' practices were as follows: guidelines to implement family-focused practices, knowledge, and skills; therapeutic relationship; and teamwork and interagency communication; among others. These issues are intimately related. They could act as enablers or barriers to support parental role of parents with mental illness. Adequate guidelines and policies are necessary to support parents with mental illness and their families. There is a need to include knowledge about PMI and family-focused approach in nursing education curricula. Training could include reflection on nurses' experiences and personal values to become aware of how these can affect their interventions and practices.

Keywords: family; mental illness; nurses; parents; practices; stigma; views.