Unraveling the Immunopathogenesis and Genetic Variants in Vasculitis Toward Development of Personalized Medicine

Bryan Ju Min Yap; Ashley Sean Lai-Foenander; Bey Hing Goh; Yong Sze Ong; Acharaporn Duangjai; Surasak Saokaew; Caroline Lin Lin Chua; Pochamana Phisalprapa; Wei Hsum Yap

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.732369

Unraveling the Immunopathogenesis and Genetic Variants in Vasculitis Toward Development of Personalized Medicine

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Sep 21:8:732369. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.732369. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Bryan Ju Min Yap¹, Ashley Sean Lai-Foenander¹, Bey Hing Goh^{2

3}, Yong Sze Ong², Acharaporn Duangjai^{4

5

6}, Surasak Saokaew^{4

5

6

7

8}, Caroline Lin Lin Chua¹, Pochamana Phisalprapa⁹, Wei Hsum Yap^{1

10}

Affiliations

¹ School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
² Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX), School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
³ College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
⁵ Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
⁶ Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
⁷ Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
⁸ Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
⁹ Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹⁰ Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (FHMS), Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.

Abstract

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the inflammation of the vascular endothelium. Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (CSVV) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) are two examples of LCV. Advancements in genomic technologies have identified risk haplotypes, genetic variants, susceptibility loci and pathways that are associated with vasculitis immunopathogenesis. The discovery of these genetic factors and their corresponding cellular signaling aberrations have enabled the development and use of novel therapeutic strategies for vasculitis. Personalized medicine aims to provide targeted therapies to individuals who show poor response to conventional interventions. For example, monoclonal antibody therapies have shown remarkable efficacy in achieving disease remission. Here, we discuss pathways involved in disease pathogenesis and the underlying genetic associations in different populations worldwide. Understanding the immunopathogenic pathways in vasculitis and identifying associated genetic variations will facilitate the development of novel and targeted personalized therapies for patients.

Keywords: autoimmune disorder; immunopathogenesis; personalized medicine; susceptibility loci; vasculitis.

Publication types

Review