Determination of neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody half-life in COVID-19 convalescent donors

Clin Immunol. 2021 Nov:232:108871. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108871. Epub 2021 Oct 4.

Abstract

Despite the burgeoning field of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) research, the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralising antibodies remains unclear. This study validated two high-throughput immunological methods for use as surrogate live virus neutralisation assays and employed them to examine the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in convalescent plasma donations made by 42 repeat donors between April and September 2020. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody titres decreased over time but typically remained above the methods' diagnostic cut-offs. Using this longitudinal data, the average half-life of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies was determined to be 20.4 days. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody titres appear to persist in the majority of donors for several months. Whether these titres confer protection against re-infection requires further study and is of particular relevance as COVID-19 vaccines become widely available.

Keywords: COVID-19; Convalescent donor; Half-life; Neutralising antibodies; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / immunology
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / metabolism*
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Antibodies, Viral / metabolism*
  • Antibodies, Viral / therapeutic use
  • Blood Donors
  • COVID-19 / immunology
  • COVID-19 / metabolism*
  • COVID-19 / therapy
  • COVID-19 Serotherapy
  • Female
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • Immunization, Passive
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Plasma / immunology
  • Plasma / metabolism
  • SARS-CoV-2 / immunology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral