The antihypertensive potential of flavonoids from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A review

Abstract

With the coming of the era of the aging population, hypertension has become a global health burden to be dealt with. Although there are multiple drugs and procedures to control the symptoms of hypertension, the management of it is still a long-term process, and the side effects of conventional drugs pose a burden on patients. Flavonoids, common compounds found in fruits and vegetables as secondary metabolites, are active components in Chinese Herbal Medicine. The flavonoids are proved to have cardiovascular benefits based on a plethora of animal experiments over the last decade. Thus, the flavonoids or flavonoid-rich plant extracts endowed with anti-hypertension activities and probable mechanisms were reviewed. It has been found that flavonoids may affect blood pressure in various ways. Moreover, despite the substantial evidence of the potential for flavonoids in the control of hypertension, it is not sufficient to support the clinical application of flavonoids as an adjuvant or core drug. So the synergistic effects of flavonoids with other drugs, pharmacokinetic studies, clinical trials and the safety of flavonoids are also incorporated in the discussion. It is believed that more breakthrough studies are needed. Overall, this review may shed some new light on the explicit recognition of the mechanisms of anti-hypertension actions of flavonoids, pointing out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future researches.

Keywords: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (PubChem CID: 65064); Anthocyanin (PubChem CID: 145858); Anti-hypertension; Apigenin (PubChem CID: 5280443); Artemetin (PubChem CID: 5320351); Cardamonin (PubChem CID: 641785); Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064); Chinese Herbal Medicine; Chrysin (PubChem CID: 5281607); Daidzein (PubChem CID: 5281708); Dihydroquercetin (PubChem CID: 439533); Diosmetin (PubChem CID: 5281612); Diosmin (PubChem CID: 5281613); Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276); Fisetin (PubChem CID: 5281614); Flavonoids; Genistein (PubChem CID: 5280961); Glabridin (PubChem CID: 124052); Hesperidin (PubChem CID: 10621); Isoquercitrin (PubChem CID: 5280804); Kaempferol (PubChem CID: 5280863); Linarin (PubChem CID: 5317025); Luteolin (PubChem CID: 5280445); Mechanism; Myricetin (PubChem CID: 5281672); Naringenin (PubChem CID: 439246); Naringin (PubChem CID: 442428); Pinocembrin (PubChem CID: 68071); Puerarin (PubChem CID: 5281807); Quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343); Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805).