Social isolation as a core feature of adolescent depression: a qualitative study in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2021 Dec;16(1):1978374. doi: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1978374.

Abstract

Purpose: The goal of this study was to explore the perspectives of different stakeholders regarding the experiences of adolescent depression in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Methods: We conducted 54 key-informant interviews with adolescents, parents, social workers, health workers, educators, and policy makers and two focus group discussions with 5 adolescents and 6 parents. Data were analysed using a framework approach and guided by the adolescents' personal narratives, with adult stakeholders' views supplementing these perspectives.

Results: Four main themes emerged, creating a relational model of adolescent depression that highlights isolation as a central component of the experience. In relation to the self, the experience of depression led to a feeling of detachment from others resulting from the sensation that usual interactions did not have the same meaning as before. This disruption of interactions is perceived as self-isolation and is described in relation to coping mechanisms.

Conclusion: These findings shed light on important aspects of the identification and management of adolescent depression in Brazil. Since social interaction was a core component of the descriptions and experiences of depression, we speculate that promising interventions are those that could enhance the promotion of a supportive environment and interpersonal relationships.

Keywords: Brazil; Depression; adolescence; qualitative research; social isolation.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Brazil
  • Depression*
  • Focus Groups
  • Humans
  • Qualitative Research
  • Social Isolation*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences [GCRFNG\100281]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul [17/2551–0001009–4]; King’s College London; MQ Brighter Futures [MQBF/1IDEA]; Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health at King’s College London [ES/S012567/1]; UK Medical Research Council [MC_PC_MR/R019460/1]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London; Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [477129/2012–9 and 445828/2014–5, 62/2014]; UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior [Finance Code 001].