Design and Fabrication of a Fast Response Resistive-Type Humidity Sensor Using Polypyrrole (Ppy) Polymer Thin Film Structures

Mushahid Hussain; Saqib Hasnain; Nadir Ali Khan; Shehar Bano; Fazeelat Zuhra; Muhammad Ali; Munawar Khan; Naseem Abbas; Ahsan Ali

doi:10.3390/polym13183019

Design and Fabrication of a Fast Response Resistive-Type Humidity Sensor Using Polypyrrole (Ppy) Polymer Thin Film Structures

Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 7;13(18):3019. doi: 10.3390/polym13183019.

Authors

Mushahid Hussain¹, Saqib Hasnain², Nadir Ali Khan¹, Shehar Bano³, Fazeelat Zuhra⁴, Muhammad Ali⁵, Munawar Khan¹, Naseem Abbas⁶, Ahsan Ali⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electronics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
² Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan.
³ School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Physics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
⁶ Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea.
⁷ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si 13120, Korea.

Abstract

In this research article, an organic polymer based polypyrrole (Ppy) composite material has been synthesized and analyzed for the design and fabrication purposes of a fast-responsive, highly sensitive, and an economical resistive-type novel humidity detection sensor. This humidity sensor most suitably serves the purpose for industrial humidity (i.e., values ranging from low to high) detection applications. First, a polypyrrole composite material (a mixture of polypyrrole, polypyrrole-NiO, polypyrrole-CeO₂, and polypyrrole-Nb₂O₅) has been synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization method, and then is treated at various temperatures, i.e., 100, 150 and 200 °C, respectively. After this treatment, the synthesized samples were then characterized by using FTIR, SEM, and DTA/TGA techniques for analyzing humidity sensing properties. The polypyrrole samples with the best morphological structure and properties were then incorporated on interdigitated electrodes. For the fabrication purposes of this thin film structure, at first a few drops of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were placed over interdigitated electrodes (IDE) and then the synthesized polypyrrole composite was uniformly deposited in the form of a thin film over it. The plots show that this is a good resistive-type humidity detection device for the relative humidity range of 30% to 90%. The response and recovery times of this newly fabricated humidity sensor were reported to be the same as 128 s at room temperature. Additionally, the stability and the repeatability response behavior of this Ppy sensor were verified up to five cycles of multiple repetitions. This presents an excellent stability and repeatability performance of the sensor. Furthermore, the capacitances versus humidity response and recovery properties of the designed sensor were studied too. This illustrates an excellent capacitive verses humidity response and shows a linear and an active behavior. Lastly, the experimental result proves that polypyrrole composite thin film shows a reasonable best performance up to a temperature of 100 °C.

Keywords: humidity sensor; polypyrrole polymer; rapid detection; resistive type; thin film.