Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Asia, Africa and Europe

Nariman Shahhosseini; Gary Wong; George Babuadze; Jeremy V Camp; Onder Ergonul; Gary P Kobinger; Sadegh Chinikar; Norbert Nowotny

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9091907

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Asia, Africa and Europe

Microorganisms. 2021 Sep 9;9(9):1907. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091907.

Authors

Nariman Shahhosseini¹, Gary Wong^{2

3}, George Babuadze⁴, Jeremy V Camp⁵, Onder Ergonul⁶, Gary P Kobinger^{2

7

8

9}, Sadegh Chinikar^{10

11}, Norbert Nowotny^{11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB T1H 6P7, Canada.
² Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
³ Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200031, China.
⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
⁵ Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
⁶ Koç University, School of Medicine and Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
⁸ Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
⁹ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
¹⁰ Pasteur Institute of Tehran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran.
¹¹ Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
¹² Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates.

Abstract

The global spread of ticks and various tick-borne viruses (TBVs) suggests the possibility of new tick-borne diseases emerging. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging TBV of the Nairoviridae family that causes serious disease that can be fatal in humans. CCHFV endemic foci can be found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South-Eastern Europe, and has spread to previously unaffected regions and nations, such as Spain, over the last two decades. In this review, we discuss the current situation of CCHFV in Asia, Africa and Europe based on existing knowledge, and we discuss driving factors in the distribution and transmission of the virus, such as the spread of tick vector species and host reservoirs.

Keywords: CCHF; epidemiology; host; outbreak; tick.

Publication types

Review