Predictors of periodontal and caries related perinatal oral healthcare, investigation of dentists' practices: a cross-sectional study

Muhammad Qasim Javed; Usman Anwer Bhatti; Arham Riaz; Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary

doi:10.7717/peerj.12080

Predictors of periodontal and caries related perinatal oral healthcare, investigation of dentists' practices: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ. 2021 Sep 1:9:e12080. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12080. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Muhammad Qasim Javed¹, Usman Anwer Bhatti², Arham Riaz³, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Conservative Dental Sciences and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
³ Community Dentistry, Academy of Continuing Health Education and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁴ School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Abstract

Background: The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists towards providing oral health care to pregnant women and to identify barriers and predictors of periodontal and caries related perinatal oral healthcare practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical survey was conducted on dentists by using a random sampling technique, and a pre-validated questionnaire was delivered to 350 dentists from May 2018 to October 2018. Data were analyzed by utilizing SPSS software. Frequencies and percentages were recorded for descriptive variables. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the probability of predicting group membership to the dependent variable using different independent variables determined from contingency tables.

Results: Overall response rate was 41%. The mean knowledge score of respondents was 15.86 ± 3.34. The lowest correct responses were noted in the questions related to periodontal health. It was found that the advice to delay dental visits until after pregnancy was eight times more likely to be observed among dentists who lacked the knowledge of importance of oral health during pregnancy (P = 0.04, OR = 8.75). Dentists were more likely to consult obstetricians regarding dental procedures when they fear a risk of labor in the dental practice (P < 0.05, OR = 3.72). Dentists who had the knowledge of periodontal disease association with preterm delivery were about four times more likely to treat periodontal disease during pregnancy (P = 0.01, OR = 3.95). Dentists knowing the association between maternal oral health and childhood decay were more likely to counsel pregnant patients regarding caries prevention (P > 0.05, OR = 3.75).

Conclusions: Collectively the results indicated few gaps in knowledge among some dentists and a need to improve existing attitudes towards perinatal oral health. Dentists failing to recognize the importance of perinatal oral health are more likely to be hesitant in treating pregnant patients. Failing to recognize the link between periodontal disease and obstetric complications increases the possibility of hesitance to counsel pregnant patients regarding the same. The appreciation of the evidence for poor perinatal oral health and risk of early childhood caries increases the likelihood of counseling by dentists on caries prevention.

Keywords: Attitude; Barriers; Dentists; Knowledge; Oral health; Pakistan; Practice; Pregnant women.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Qassim University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.