Depression in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Adults

Deepali Mathur; Akshay Anand; Vinod Srivastava; Suchitra S Patil; Amit Singh; S K Rajesh; H R Nagendra; Raghuram Nagarathna

doi:10.1177/0972753121990181

Depression in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Adults

Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jul;27(3-4):204-213. doi: 10.1177/0972753121990181. Epub 2021 Aug 26.

Authors

Deepali Mathur¹, Akshay Anand², Vinod Srivastava³, Suchitra S Patil⁴, Amit Singh⁴, S K Rajesh⁴, H R Nagendra⁴, Raghuram Nagarathna⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
² Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
³ College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, USA.
⁴ Department of Yoga and Life Science, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
⁵ Department of Arogyadhama, Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (VYASA), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Abstract

Background: Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are two to three times more vulnerable to develop depressive symptomatology.

Purpose: To report the association between depression and high-risk diabetes in India.

Methods: A total of 1,606 adults were recruited for the study. A patient health questionnaire was used to determine the depression on the basis of score. A statistical analysis was done using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression to determine the association between diabetes categories and four degrees of depression.

Results: Out of 1,606 participants, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females, 56.4% belonged to the urban area and 43.6% to the rural area. However, 19.5% (314) had diabetes; 29.1% of diabetes individuals had minimal depression, 38.7% had mild, 17.2% moderate, 12.0% moderately severe, and 3.1% had severe depression. In the self-reported diabetic participant group (N = 142), there was a significantly higher degree of severe depression (3.3%) in the uncontrolled group (HbA1c >7%) as compared to the well-controlled diabetes group (HbA1c <7%). ANCOVA in gender differences in the uncontrolled diabetes group showed that male gender had significantly (P = -.02) higher mean scores of depression.

Conclusion: This study found that there is a positive association between depression and uncontrolled diabetes in male gender.

Keywords: Comorbidities; Depression; Diabetic mellitus; HbA1c; IDRS; Mindfulness; Yoga.