Hyoid Elongation May Be a Rare Cause of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Youth-A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

The investigation for etiology of ischemic stroke in young adults remains a diagnostic challenge. Hyoid bone-related carotid injury is a rare and under-recognized cause of ischemic stroke, without established guidelines. We describe a case of recurrent ischemic stroke in a young patient presumably attributed to an impingement of the carotid artery by an elongated hyoid bone, and present other cases reported in the literature. Based on the imaging study as well as the lack of other findings, we attributed recurrent neurovascular events to the repetitive mechanical stimulation by the elongated hyoid bone that caused a vessel wall injury with subsequent thrombus and embolus. Given repeated recurrence under antiplatelet treatment, anticoagulation was added. The following 2-year follow-up showed no new neurologic events or any other complaints. Among the young, a broad spectrum of possibilities should be considered and we call attention to this infrequent etiology of ischemic stroke.

Keywords: carotid artery diseases; hyoid bone; imaging diagnosis; recurrent stroke; young adults.