New Insights Into the Relationship Between Drought and Mental Health Emerging From the Australian Rural Mental Health Study

Tuyen T Luong; Tonelle Handley; Emma K Austin; Anthony S Kiem; Jane L Rich; Brian Kelly

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.719786

New Insights Into the Relationship Between Drought and Mental Health Emerging From the Australian Rural Mental Health Study

Front Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 1:12:719786. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.719786. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Tuyen T Luong^{1

2

3

4}, Tonelle Handley^{4

5}, Emma K Austin^{1

2

4}, Anthony S Kiem², Jane L Rich⁴, Brian Kelly^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Resources Health and Safety, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
² Centre for Water, Climate, and Land, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
³ School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
⁴ Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
⁵ Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW, Australia.

Abstract

While it is recognized that drought affects mental health, few population-based longitudinal studies quantify this relationship. In this study, we investigate the effects of drought on mental health in a rural population, and how these effects change with continued exposure to drought conditions. Using a panel dataset consisting of 6,519 observations from the Australian Rural Mental Health Study, we found a non-linear (inverted U-shape) relationship between drought exposure and mental health. Specifically, people experienced an increase of psychological distress for the first 2.5-3 years of drought, after which time this distress dissipates. These effects were maintained after controlling for demographic, social, and environmental factors. We also found that while psychological distress decreases in the later stages of drought, this does not necessarily mean people have good mental health because, for example, factors such as life satisfaction decreased as drought persisted. This is important as it highlights the need for sustained support to mitigate the long-term effects of drought on mental health that persist after the drought has apparently finished.

Keywords: ARMHS; drought; mental health; psychological distress; resilience.