Complications Associated with Worse Visual Outcomes in Patients with Exudative Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Ophthalmologica. 2021;244(6):512-522. doi: 10.1159/000519518. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

Abstract

Background: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a leading cause of vision loss in older subjects. The introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy has enormously improved the visual prognosis in these patients.

Summary: However, severe complications may still occur in this disease and their development may significantly affect short- and long-term visual outcomes. Key Messages: In this article, we provided a review of these complications, highlighting their distinctive signs or symptoms and focusing on the current evidence of treatment. To place the complications related to neovascular AMD in a proper context, this review deals with core components essential for proper comprehension of neovascular AMD that includes pathogenesis, clinical signs, and basic principles of treatment.

Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Complications; Neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors*
  • Humans
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Visual Acuity
  • Wet Macular Degeneration* / complications
  • Wet Macular Degeneration* / diagnosis
  • Wet Macular Degeneration* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Angiogenesis Inhibitors
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A