Advances in Nanomaterials for Injured Heart Repair

Jiacheng Guo; Zhenzhen Yang; Xu Wang; Yanyan Xu; Yongzheng Lu; Zhen Qin; Li Zhang; Jing Xu; Wei Wang; Jinying Zhang; Junnan Tang

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.686684

Advances in Nanomaterials for Injured Heart Repair

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Aug 25:9:686684. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.686684. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Jiacheng Guo^{1

2}, Zhenzhen Yang³, Xu Wang⁴, Yanyan Xu^{1

2}, Yongzheng Lu^{1

2}, Zhen Qin^{1

2}, Li Zhang^{1

2}, Jing Xu⁵, Wei Wang⁶, Jinying Zhang^{1

2}, Junnan Tang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
² Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
³ Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁴ Department of Medical Record Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁵ Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁶ Henan Medical Association, Zhengzhou, China.

Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium to compensate for the loss of heart tissue after ischemic infarction, scientists have been exploring the possible mechanisms involved in the pathological process of ASCVD and searching for alternative means to regenerate infarcted cardiac tissue. Although numerous studies have pursued innovative solutions for reversing the pathological process of ASCVD and improving the effectiveness of delivering therapeutics, the translation of those advances into downstream clinical applications remains unsatisfactory because of poor safety and low efficacy. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising new strategy to strengthen both the efficacy and safety of ASCVD therapy. Thus, a comprehensive review of NMs used in ASCVD treatment will be useful. This paper presents an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ASCVD and the multifunctional mechanisms of NM-based therapy, including antioxidative, anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis mechanisms. The technological improvements of NM delivery are summarized and the clinical transformations concerning the use of NMs to treat ASCVD are examined. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and future perspectives of NMs in cardiac regeneration to provide insightful information for health professionals on the latest advancements in nanotechnologies for ASCVD treatment.

Keywords: biomimetic; cardiac regeneration; nano-gel; nanomaterials; therapeutic strategies; tissue engineering.

Publication types

Review