Dissipation and risk assessment of forchlorfenuron and its major metabolites in oriental melon under greenhouse cultivation

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Dec 1:225:112700. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112700. Epub 2021 Sep 6.

Abstract

Forchlorfenuron is a widely used plant growth regulator. The uptake of forchlorfenuron and its major metabolites poses a potential risk for human health. However, little is known about the dissipation of forchlorfenuron and its major metabolites in agricultural food. In this study, the metabolite 4-hydroxyphenyl-forchlorfenuron was first identified in oriental melon, which exhibited the highest level of residues of 4.42-5.12 μg/kg on the 4-7th days after application. Forchlorfenuron was found to be dissipated rapidly in melon at the recommended application rates, with half-lives ranging from 1.20 to 1.33 days. The rate of dissipation of 4-hydroxyphenyl-forchlorfenuron was greater than that of metabolism from forchlorfenuron in the oriental melon. However, the other metabolite, 3-hydroxyphenyl-forchlorfenuron, was not detected in oriental melon. The risk assessment showed that the acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of forchlorfenuron in oriental melon were 0.0011-0.0037% and 0.06-0.12%, respectively, suggesting little health risk to Chinese consumers.

Keywords: QuEChERS; dissipation; forchlorfenuron; metabolites; oriental melon; risk assessment.

MeSH terms

  • Cucumis melo*
  • Humans
  • Phenylurea Compounds* / toxicity
  • Pyridines / toxicity
  • Risk Assessment

Substances

  • Phenylurea Compounds
  • Pyridines
  • N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea