A Convenient DFT-Based Strategy for Predicting Transition Temperatures of Valence Tautomeric Molecular Switches

Inorg Chem. 2021 Sep 20;60(18):14475-14487. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02273. Epub 2021 Sep 8.

Abstract

The ability to identify promising candidate switchable molecules computationally, prior to synthesis, represents a considerable advance in the development of switchable molecular materials. Even more useful would be the possibility of predicting the switching temperature. Cobalt-dioxolene complexes can exhibit thermally induced valence tautomeric switching between low-spin CoIII-catecholate and high-spin CoII-semiquinonate forms, where the half-temperature (T1/2) is the temperature at which there are equal amounts of the two tautomers. We report the first simple computational strategy for accurately predicting T1/2 values for valence tautomeric complexes. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) methods have been applied to the [Co(dbdiox)(dbsq)(N2L)] (dbdiox/dbsq•- = 3,5-di-tert-butyldioxolene/semiquinonate; N2L = diimine) family of valence tautomeric complexes, including the newly reported [Co(dbdiox)(dbsq)(MeO-bpy)] (1) (MeO-bpy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine). The DFT strategy has been thoroughly benchmarked to experimental data, affording highly accurate spin-distributions and an excellent energy match between experimental and calculated spin-states. Detailed orbital analysis of the [Co(dbdiox)(dbsq)(N2L)] complexes has revealed that the diimine ligand tunes the T1/2 value primarily through π-acceptance. We have established an excellent correlation between experimental T1/2(toluene) values for [Co(dbdiox)(dbsq)(N2L)] complexes and the calculated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of the corresponding diimine ligand. The model affords accurate T1/2(toluene) values for [Co(dbdiox)(dbsq)(N2L)] complexes, with an average error of only 3.7%. This quantitative and simple DFT strategy allows experimentalists to not only rapidly identify proposed VT complexes but also predict the transition temperature. This study lays the groundwork for future in silico screening of candidate switchable molecules prior to experimental investigation, with associated time, cost, and environmental benefits.