The ecological health assessment of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands can provide decision-making basis for ecosystem restoration and management. We selected 20 typical lakes, reservoirs and wetlands sampling points in Tianjin, based on physical, chemical, and biological community indicators data (zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthos, fish, large aquatic plants, riparian plants) obtained during the survey from August to September 2018. We constructed an index of ecological integrity (IEI) including physical integrity, chemical integrity, and biological integrity to evaluate their ecological health. The reference points were selected based on three aspects using standardized methods: habitat environmental quality index (QHEI), water quality status, and disturbance of human activities. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of the three indicators. The evaluation results of the ecological integrity of typical lakes, reservoirs and wetlands in Tianjin were finally obtained. The results showed that: 1) Among all the samples, "healthy" points accounted for 5.0%, "good" points accounted for 20.0%, "general" points accounted for 35.0%, "worse" points accounted for 30.0%, and "poor" points accounted for 10.0%. Ecological health status of typical lakes, reservoirs and wetlands in Tianjin was at a general level, with a trend that the west was better than the east with significant spatial differences. 2) Reference points were selected based on the combination of habitat score, water quality conditions, and human activity disturbance. Water quality indicators could reduce subjectivity when selecting reference points and promote the application of ecological integrity evaluation. 3) The applicability verification results showed that IEI could better characterize the health status of each point, and the discrimination efficiency was obvious, which was suitable for evaluating the ecological health of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands.
对湖库湿地进行生态健康评价,可为湖库湿地生态系统修复和管理提供决策依据。本文以天津市为例,选取20个典型的湖库湿地采样点,基于2018年8—9月期间调查获取的物理、化学和生物群落指标(浮游动物、浮游植物、底栖动物、鱼类、水生大型植物、河岸带植物)数据,构建包含物理完整性、化学完整性和生物完整性在内的生态完整性指数(IEI)对采样点生态健康状况进行评价。根据栖息地环境质量(QHEI)、水质状况和人类活动干扰3方面选取参照点,采用标准化方法筛选候选指标,应用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最终得出天津市典型湖库湿地生态完整性评价结果。结果表明: 1)所有样点中,“健康”点位占5.0%,“较好”点位占20.0%,“一般”点位占35.0%,“较差”点位占30.0%,“差”点位占10.0%。天津市典型湖库湿地生态健康状况整体处于一般水平,呈现出西部优于东部的趋势,空间差异显著;2)基于栖息地评分、水质状况与人类活动干扰相结合选取参照点是可行的,依据水质指标可降低选择参照点时的主观性;3)适用性验证结果表明,IEI可较好表征各点位的健康状况,区分效率明显,适用于评价研究区湖库湿地生态健康状况。.
Keywords: IEI; Tianjin City; ecological health assessment; lakes; reservoirs and wetlands.