Long-term telemetric intracranial pressure monitoring for diagnosis and therapy optimisation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease which is difficult to diagnose and moreover difficult to treat. We developed a strategy for long-term telemonitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), by incorporation of the NEUROVENT®-P-tel System, with the goal of improved diagnosis and consequent therapy of this disease. We highlight the results obtained through this approach.

Methods: Twenty patients with suspected IIH who were treated in our hospital from August 2014 to October 2020 (16 females, 4 males, median age 36,6 years), were assigned to one of two ICP monitoring settings, "Home-Telemonitoring" (n = 12) and "Home-Monitoring" (n = 8). The ICP data were analysed and used conjointly with the accompanying clinical picture for establishment of IIH diagnosis, and telemonitoring was resumed for therapy optimisation of confirmed cases.

Results: The diagnosis of IIH was confirmed in 18 of the 20 patients. Various surgical/interventional treatments were applied to the confirmed cases, including ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting (n = 15), stenting of the transvers venous sinus (n = 1), endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) (n = 1), and ETV in combination with endoscopic laser-based coagulation of the choroid Plexus (n = 1). Optimal adjustment of the implanted shunt valves was achieved with an average valve opening pressure of 6,3 ± 2,17 cm H₂O for differential valves, and of 29,8 ± 3,94 cm H₂O for gravitational valves. The Home-Telemonitoring setting reduced consequent outpatient visits, compared to the Home-Monitoring setting, with an average of 3,1 visits and 4,3 visits, respectively. No complications were associated with the surgical implantation of the P-tel catheter.

Conclusion: This study offers insight into the use of long-term ICP monitoring for management of IIH patients in combination with dual-valve VP shunts. The use of NEUROVENT® P-tel system and potentially other similar fully implantable ICP-monitoring devices, albeit invasive, may be justified in this complex disease. The data suggest recommending an initial adjustment of dual-valve VP-shunts of 30 and 6 cm H₂O, for gravitational and differential valves, respectively. Further research is warranted to explore potential integration of this concept in IIH management guidelines.

Keywords: Home-Telemonitoring of ICP; Home-monitoring of ICP; Idiopathic intracranial hypertension; Intracranial pressure monitoring; Telemetric intracranial pressure monitoring.