Percutaneous penetration and dermal exposure risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins

Wei Gao; Yongfeng Lin; Yong Liang; Yingjun Wang; Lu Jiang; Yawei Wang; Guibin Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126178

Percutaneous penetration and dermal exposure risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins

J Hazard Mater. 2021 Aug 15:416:126178. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126178. Epub 2021 May 23.

Authors

Wei Gao¹, Yongfeng Lin², Yong Liang³, Yingjun Wang¹, Lu Jiang¹, Yawei Wang⁴, Guibin Jiang¹

Affiliations

¹ Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
² School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
³ Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
⁴ Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China. Electronic address: ywwang@rcees.ac.cn.

PMID: 34492952
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126178

Abstract

The widespread occurrence of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in environmental matrices has resulted in a high frequency exposure to CPs via dermal contact. To quantitatively estimate percutaneous penetration of CPs, Episkin® human skin equivalents (HSE) was applied as an in vitro model to evaluate the mechanism of percutaneous penetration of CPs. The co-exposure of CPs mixtures to HSE showed that about 11.7% and 10.2% of short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) could penetrate the HSE and enter the receptor fluid, while no long-chain CPs (LCCPs) (C>17) were able to penetrate the HSE during the 36-h assay period. The experimentally obtained permeability coefficient (K_p) values for CPs were significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with their log octanol-water partition coefficient (log K_ow). Furthermore, 24 participants were recruited to assess direct human dermal exposure to CPs in China with the total CPs collected onto hand wipes and forehead wipes being 96,600 and 30,400 ng/person, respectively. The proportion of total SCCPs and MCCPs intake via dermal penetration (skin area investigated in this study) accounting for 2.0% of the total intake of CPs. Considering the total skin surface of human body is around 20 times of the area studied, the total intake of CPs through dermal penetration could be a significant exposure pathway.

Keywords: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs); Dermal exposure; Risk assessment; Skin penetration.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

China
Environmental Monitoring
Humans
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated* / analysis
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated* / toxicity
Paraffin*
Risk Assessment
Water

Substances

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
Water
Paraffin