Short-Term and Lifelong Exercise Training Lowers Inflammatory Mediators in Older Men

Lawrence D Hayes; Peter Herbert; Nicholas F Sculthorpe; Fergal M Grace

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.702248

Short-Term and Lifelong Exercise Training Lowers Inflammatory Mediators in Older Men

Front Physiol. 2021 Aug 20:12:702248. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702248. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Lawrence D Hayes¹, Peter Herbert², Nicholas F Sculthorpe¹, Fergal M Grace³

Affiliations

¹ School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
² School of Sport, Health and Outdoor Education, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Carmarthen, United Kingdom.
³ Faculty of Health, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.

Abstract

Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training.

Keywords: Aging; C-reactive protein; high-intensity interval training; homocysteine; inflammaging; inflammation; interleukin-6.