Tools, Time, Training, and Team-Military Primary Care Providers' Perspectives on Improving Chronic Pain Assessment and Management

Abstract

Introduction: Primary care providers are on the front lines of chronic pain management, with many reporting frustration, low confidence, and dissatisfaction in handling the complex issues associated with chronic pain care. Given the importance of their role and reported inadequacies and dissatisfaction in managing this challenging population, it is important to understand the perspectives of primary care providers when considering approaches to chronic pain management. This qualitative descriptive study aimed to comprehensively summarize the provider challenges and suggestions to improve chronic pain care in military primary care settings.

Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews with 12 military primary care providers were conducted in a single U.S. Army medical center. All interviews were audio-recorded and lasted between 30 and 60 minutes. Interview transcripts were analyzed using ATLAS 9.0 software. Narratives were analyzed using a general inductive approach to content analysis. The Framework Method was used to organize the codes and emergent categories. All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington.

Results: Four categories captured providers' challenges and suggestions for improving chronic pain care: (1) tools for comprehensive pain assessment and patient education, (2) time available for each chronic pain appointment, (3) provider training and education, and (4) team-based approach to chronic pain management. Providers suggested use of the Pain Assessment Screening Tool and Outcomes Registry, more time per visit, incorporation of chronic pain care in health sciences curriculum, consistent provider training across the board, insurance coverage for complementary and integrative therapies, patient education, and improved access to interdisciplinary chronic pain care.

Conclusions: Lack of standardized multifaceted tools, time constraints on chronic pain appointments, inadequate provider education, and limited access to complementary and integrative health therapies are significant provider challenges. Insurance coverage for complementary and integrative health therapies needs to be expanded. The Stepped Care Model of Pain Management is a positive and definite stride toward addressing many of these challenges. Future studies should examine the extent of improvement in guidelines-concordant chronic pain care, patient outcomes, and provider satisfaction following the implementation of the Stepped Care Model of Pain Management in military health settings.