Local plant knowledge and its variation among farmer's families in the Napf region, Switzerland

Abstract

Background: Local plant knowledge typically is unevenly distributed within a community. This knowledge variation is important in understanding people's relationship with their environment. Here we ask about knowledge variation among farmers' families in the Napf region of Switzerland.

Methods: In 2008 and 2009, 60 adults and children living on 14 farms were interviewed about known and used plant species, and the data analyzed for knowledge variation. The farms were chosen by random stratified sampling, and freelisting and semi-structured interviews were conducted individually in the local idiom. The data were organized in an access database and analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlations, Mann-Whitney U tests and cultural domain analysis.

Results: Totally, 456 folk taxa were listed, whereas frequently listed species are common meadow and forest species. Uses were indicated for 391 taxa, most of them culinary, followed by fodder, wood, medicinal and ornamental uses. Local plant knowledge correlates with age and gender. Due to professional specialization, adults above 20 years have broader plant knowledge than children and adolescents. This is true for almost all examined habitat and plant use categories except for toy uses. Women and men share a common body of plant knowledge especially about herbaceous grassland species and woody species. Specialized knowledge of men is linked to cattle fodder and the processing of wood, specialized knowledge of women concerns edible, medicinal and ornamental plants, often garden species, but also herbaceous forest species.

Conclusion: In a rural region like the Napf, people retain a solid basis of plant knowledge. The variation of plant knowledge within farmers' families of this region reflects sociocultural patterns. As these patterns are changing and as (agro)biodiversity is declining, local plant knowledge in the Napf region is suspected to undergo a mainstreaming process.

Keywords: Children; Ethnobotany; Gender; Intracultural knowledge variation; Switzerland.