Drastic change of magnetic anisotropy in Fe3GeTe2 and Fe4GeTe2 monolayers under electric field studied by density functional theory

Abstract

Magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is one of the most important properties in two-dimensional magnetism since the magnetization in two dimension is vulnerable to the spin rotational fluctuations. Using density functional theory calculation, we show that perpendicular electric field dramatically enhances the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies in Fe₃GeTe₂ and Fe₄GeTe₂ monolayers, respectively, allowing the change of easy axis in both systems. The changes of the MAE under the electric field are understood as the result of charge redistribution inside the layer, which is available due to the three-dimensional (3D) network of Fe atoms in the monolayers. As a result, we suggest that due to the unique structure of Fe_nGeTe₂ compounds composed by peculiar 3D networks of metal atoms, the MAE can be dramatically changed by the external perpendicular electric field.