A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based hybrid membranes for water and wastewater treatment

Xiang Li; Guohe Huang; Xiujuan Chen; Jing Huang; Mengna Li; Jianan Yin; Ying Liang; Yao Yao; Yongping Li

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148462

A review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) based hybrid membranes for water and wastewater treatment

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Oct 20:792:148462. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148462. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Authors

Xiang Li¹, Guohe Huang², Xiujuan Chen³, Jing Huang⁴, Mengna Li⁴, Jianan Yin⁴, Ying Liang¹, Yao Yao⁴, Yongping Li⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
² State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: huang@iseis.org.
³ Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
⁴ Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
⁵ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

PMID: 34465053
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148462

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has gained enormous attention for water and wastewater treatment. Compared with g-C₃N₄ nanopowders, g-C₃N₄ based hybrid membranes have demonstrated great potential for its superior practicability. This review outlines the preparation and characterization of g-C₃N₄ based hybrid membranes and presents their representative applications in water and wastewater treatment (e.g., removal of organic dyes, phenolic compounds, pharmaceuticals, salt ions, heavy metals, and oils). Meanwhile, g-C₃N₄ based films for the removal of contaminants through photocatalytic degradation is also summarized. In addition, the corresponding mechanisms and relevant findings are discussed. Finally, the challenges and research needs in the future and application of g-C₃N₄ based hybrid membranes are highlighted.

Keywords: Hybrid membrane; Photocatalyst; Water and wastewater treatment; g-C(3)N(4).

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Catalysis
Graphite
Nitrogen Compounds
Water Purification*
Water*

Substances

Nitrogen Compounds
graphitic carbon nitride
Water
Graphite